people in India don’t have access to safe water
(Source: WaterAid, UNICEF)
people don’t have access to adequate sanitation in India (Source: WaterAid, UNICEF)
children die every year from Diarrhoea caused by unsafe water and poor sanitation in India
(Source: WaterAid, UNICEF)
Home to about a quarter of the global population, South Asia faces severe water challenges. Rapid population growth, pollution and unplanned urbanization have hugely affected water availability in the region, which is also known for being highly susceptible to floods, droughts, and climate change related disasters.
India has more people in rural areas–63.4 million–living without access to clean water than any other country, according to State of the World’s Water 2017 report by WaterAid. 67 percent of Indian households do not treat their drinking water, even though it could be chemically or bacterially contaminated. Over 50 per cent of the population defecates in the open. Inadequate water supply and sanitation in schools are health hazards and affect school attendance, retention and educational performance. Adolescent girls are especially vulnerable to dropping out, as many are reluctant to continue their schooling because toilet facilities are not private, not safe or simply not available. Women and girls face shame and a loss of personal dignity and safety risk if there is no toilet at home. The lack of adequate sanitation and safe water has significant negative health impacts.
Reasons for the poor WASH condition in India include low priority accorded to sanitation, lack of felt need, lack of funds to construct toilets, water scarcity, and lack of access to government schemes due to illiteracy and corruption.
Realizing the urgency of the issue, we work to improve water security, and sanitation and hygiene amongst marginalized communities in India. Through our WASH initiatives we seek to address water management problems at the local level, while strategically influencing policies at a higher level. Strong institutional mechanisms, community ownership and management, maintenance, repair, clearing encroachments, management of resources, and equitable distribution of water resources and enhanced access to entitlements from Government schemes are core features of the project. WASH is also integrated with other thematic areas of Welthungerhilfe to ensure improved nutrition.
With a larger aim to reduce poverty, we work to improve water management practices, particularly among small and marginalized farmers and disadvantaged population. Through our Integrated Water Management Project (IWRM) initiatives, we work to enhance institutionalised processes and mechanisms for community managed water resources and revive traditional water harvesting structures. In our intervention areas, we have introduced soil and water conservation using traditional practices and modern technology, micro irrigation models supporting usage of water efficiently, and trainings to community members on water testing and analysis as well as hand pump repair and maintenance. Multi-stakeholder linkages with Government and Non-Government agencies have been created and CBOs are capacitated to ensure the changes brought through these initiatives are sustainable.
India has a strong legacy of civic action which traces its history to the freedom struggle of the country. Over the years, Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) in India, working across several sectoral and geographical areas, have provided some of the best models for development, which were mainstreamed by the government e.g. Self-Help Groups and micro finance, Participatory Guarantee System, ecological agriculture, PRA/Participatory Learning and Action tools, Joint Forest Management, to name a few.
According to the GHI 2019, India’s hunger level is ranked as ‘Serious’. The country scores 102nd of 117 countries with a higher hunger level than Bangladesh, Nepal and Pakistan. India’s high ranking with a score of 30.3 draws attention to the country’s stubbornly high proportions of malnourished children. India’s child wasting rate is extremely high at 21 percent (NFHS 4); it’s child stunting rate, 38.4 percent (NFHS 4), is also categorised as very high in terms of its public health significance.
Inadequate dietary diversity, communicable diseases, lack of knowledge on childcare, less access to safe drinking water, poor feeding practices, and poor hygiene and sanitation are some of direct causes of malnutrition in the country. Structural causes include poverty and debt traps, lack of access to resources as land and water, insufficient access to public services, high illiteracy rates and climate change that adversely affects food availability. To address these dimensions, Welthungerhilfe works to address all four pillars of food and nutrition security- availability, access, utilization and stability.
In rural India, 70% of the population live and depend primarily on agriculture. 65% of India’s farmers, predominantly youth, belong to small and marginal category, who in cases of poor crop, flooding or drought are often forced to work as laborers in informal sectors. High external input dependent agronomy has further pushed them to the margins along with creating threat to agro biodiversity, environment and food safety. It has, to some extent, overlooked the agricultural anthropology, agricultural ethics and politics and its link with the food system.
Increased temperature, changes in frequency and intensity of rainfall, seasonal variations and unusual flooding, particularly in low-lying areas, also directly affect agriculture and other modes of production.
Of the 430 million youth in India, 86% drop out of school after 15 and only 2% can access formal training. According to a government survey, 13 in 100 in the 18-29 age group are unemployed. With 10 million youth entering the job market every year, the country faces a huge challenge of creating employment for them. The challenge is bigger in rural areas, where nearly 70% of the population live and depend primarily on small holder agriculture. It is of utmost importance, on one side, to fill in the skill gaps of the unorganised sector in India – on the other hand, to create value chain and appropriate market system for small holder products.
Home to about a quarter of the global population, South Asia faces severe water challenges. Rapid population growth, pollution and unplanned urbanization have hugely affected water availability in the region, which is also known for being highly susceptible to floods, droughts, and climate change related disasters.
India has more people in rural areas–63.4 million–living without access to clean water than any other country, according to State of the World’s Water 2017 report by WaterAid. 67 percent of Indian households do not treat their drinking water, even though it could be chemically or bacterially contaminated. Over 50 per cent of the population defecates in the open. Inadequate water supply and sanitation in schools are health hazards and affect school attendance, retention and educational performance. Adolescent girls are especially vulnerable to dropping out, as many are reluctant to continue their schooling because toilet facilities are not private, not safe or simply not available. Women and girls face shame and a loss of personal dignity and safety risk if there is no toilet at home. The lack of adequate sanitation and safe water has significant negative health impacts.
Reasons for the poor WASH condition in India include low priority accorded to sanitation, lack of felt need, lack of funds to construct toilets, water scarcity, and lack of access to government schemes due to illiteracy and corruption.
